Christianity

1st century AD, the Christian for jewish of Jesus of Nazareth in today's Israeli, Palestinian and Jordanian area and inherited the jewish bible and many cultural tradition, belief in god (god) created and dominate the world. It was assumed that humans since ancestor for not complying with the law of god and sin, and bitterness in death, only the trinitarian god, through Jesus Christ, to survive. Jesus' birth and sacrifice themselves, save human, and marked the weight model about god and human beings, to bring the Gospel of god's salvation, announced the end of the old testament times. Jesus in the sermon in the process of recruiting 12 apostles, to sacrifice on the cross, to make atonement for the world. Jesus died three days after the resurrection, ascension 40 days after his resurrection, in the 50 days sent the holy spirit come, opened up to today's brilliant and development. [2]

Expression of the Christian faith is based on the bible as the core, to generations of the apostles, churches, guild form file as a carrier of the faith, such as the content is very rich. The "apostles creed" was in the church and theologians recognized as the most admirable, summary of the most reliable. Such as Christian (protestant) version of the "apostles creed" :

"I believe in god almighty father, creator of heaven and earth, I believe that our Lord Jesus Christ, the son of god. Because of the holy spirit are pregnant by the born of the virgin Mary, suffered under pontius Pilate, was crucified, died and buried, fall in hell, the resurrection from the dead on the third day, heaven, sitting at the right hand of father almighty god, and will come from there to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the holy spirit, I believe in the holy and the Catholic church, I believe the saints are interlinked, I believe SINS are forgiven, I believe in the resurrection body, I believe in eternal life. Amen!"

Jesus Christ, the son is the second in the trinity, he before Jesus Christ, born of the father "all things by his creation" [3], is the redeemer of mankind. We are all for the sake of he by the grace was to receive as children of god. The origin of Jesus Christ is god and not man, he is to fulfill the will of god save the world, by the holy spirit induction, childlike innocence woman Mary and took the body, to become the world. [4] is known as "incarnation". Is the only true god, Christian belief in the supreme god is the creator of the universe, and dominated the world. There is only one god, but with the father, son, and holy spirit (spirit), three as a only one true god, complete with an ontology. The father also called father, god is omniscient, omnipotent, all love the Lord, at ease, the everlasting god, the god is jealous. [5] Christianity believes that the only true god, and against idolatry. The knowledge of god, glory to god, as the primary purpose of life. [6]

The core of the Christian faith is: god upon the human perceptual world in the body of Jesus, and Jesus about the nature of god and the possibility of problem of human existence, is making its historical life people believe in our minds. This is also one of the core of the Christian revelation. As fully god, god is completely. He is a model of perfect life. No sin, no transgression, and because of the great love of the world, completely obedient to god's will, under the mo

  The bible editing

The bible version

The bible version (6)

Is an important classic Christian, the bible in Christian, the bible has supreme authority, is the only criterion of their faith and life. The specific including "old testament" and "new testament". "The old testament" the jewish bible, as from Judaism inherit. [27] encyclopedia volume and order, a slightly different factions of Christianity. Most protestant denominations only admit Hebrew originally, so only 39 volumes; Catholic is application of seventy child Greek translation of the bible, and closed the book not found in the Hebrew text of some Greek admiralty, seven Greek classics, such as close to 46. [27-28] "new testament" is a classic of Christianity, a total of 27 volumes, including the records of Jesus' life, words and deeds "Gospel", the narrative of the early church ACTS, touted as the letters written by the apostles and the book of revelation.

The bible in authors, not only individual's age, occupation, status, writing environment also have very big difference. Moses is political leaders, Joshua's military leader, David and Solomon king, Daniel is the prime minister, Paul could be jewish law, Luke is a doctor, Peter and John was a fisherman, Amos is the shepherd, Matthew is a tax collector. Some writing in the imperial palace, some are in prison or exile island; Written in a military war, in the new millennium is complete; Some written in the climax of joy, and some are written in the trough of grief and disappointment. The bible mane written books are independent, after written in every synagogue or the Christ church to read. Christians believe that god is the true author of the bible, is the word of god. [29]

Development along with the spread of Christianity, the bible has become today the most popular and the largest circulation of books. According to the university of Cambridge in England a books management agency statistics, since the birth of Christianity, has been issued to the global, sold more than 100 copies so far. [30] in more than 2000 years is regarded as the treasure of world culture, the bible has been translated into 200 languages, however mankind in the bible also paid a huge hard on evaluation and cost.

The passage of the Christian bible in Chinese now is KJV bible, its origin dates back to one hundred years ago in the late qing period. There were three versions, namely, "the liberal arts and translation", "light coherence and translation" and "mandarin and translation". The mandarin and translation of them is the most widely circulated later Chinese nasb. The translation of the new testament was completed in 1906, 1919, the new old testament to complete. Due to the reason of The Times, the text characteristic adopted half literary and half vernacular style. Based on this version, the bible society in 1989, to adopt new punctuation, new type), published in the new punctuation nasb ". Nasb the important contribution can not deny the fact that over the past century of Chinese Christian (protestant) is directly influenced by its deep, just due to the limitation of time, some new contacts have difficulty reading, so some of the new Chinese version also appeared. So, in addition to the nasb Chinese bible

  The Chinese Christian

1. Introduced to the history of Christianity

Tang dynasty nine years (635), the same of Christianity, was introduced to China, called "nestorianism. Emperor taizong, two toward the emperor, nestorianism by tolerance, obtained the very big development, so that the states are generally built nestorianism temple, called "flow" ten "cities" temple with the prosperity of the situation. But making-friends five years (845) by the court banning the Buddhism was spread, and interrupt transmission in the central plains region. [41]

Again when the yuan dynasty was introduced into the Catholic church and the same to take off the pie, known as "also can be warm in teaching" or "cross teaching". By the 1330 s when christians has amounted to 30000 people. The scope of its activities, besides, jiangnan, mostly farthest frontier regions such as xinjiang, Mongolia. The pie in the Mongolian nobility and court officials to accept more, but not widely among the people, as the yuan dynasty after the demise of the disrupted. [41]

Matteo ricci

Matteo ricci

Ten years Ming wanli (1582) Catholic by the jesuit missionaries introduced into again, represented by matteo ricci missionaries brought a large number of western science and technology and cultural knowledge, and promote China's astronomy, calendar, the development of water conservancy and other fields. Especially when the spread of Chinese culture to the west has made an outstanding contribution. Officials such as the present China are rushing to be baptized, and at that time the court inside and outside the literary intelligentsia class has more than 500 people to proselytize. The story of emperor kangxi close contacts with missionaries and Christian wrote many poems and couplets, can be said to be the Christian relationship with China. In the 18th century qing dynasty for "etiquette" in China and the forbidden. [42]

The end of the 17th century Russian orthodox church missionary church building legislative start in heilongjiang province June, then also set up a church in Beijing. In 1715, Russia sent the first missionary group in Beijing. Qing yongzheng five years (1727) after signing the horses treaty between China and Russia, the missionaries become permanent body in China. From 1715 to 1956, a total of 20 of the Russian orthodox church in Beijing missionaries to China. [40]

In 1807, protestant missionaries Morrison to guangzhou, this is the beginning of protestant was introduced into China. After the opium war factions of Christianity was introduced into China in great quantities, again because of the mission of the protection of the unequal treaties and produce many lesson plans (e.g., tianjin incident, shandong juye lesson plans, the boxer rebellion, etc.) and the Christian movement in 1922.

Since the beginning of the 20th century Chinese christians to a Chinese church. After the May 4th movement in 1919, the Catholic church in China implement the "Chinese style" measures, a lot of wonderful Chinese clergy. Protestant factions of the conference in Shanghai in 1922, put forward the idea of "church" and "autotrophic, autonomy, autobiography," the principle of "three self", and set up the national Christian council. After 1949 Chinese church gradually cut and will and bad will contact foreign missionary, and access to its independent development period. [31]

 2. The status quo of Chinese Christianity

Since the era of emperor taizong's arrow (635), since Christianity in China has a history of nearly 1400 years. Protestant Christian from Morrison to China in 1807, has 200 years of history. Since the reform and opening up, the religious policy implementation and social and economic development, the Chinese Christian not only rapid recovery, and there is a striking development, become the domestic cultural and ideological circle, academia, political problems of mutual interest. Reason, however, due to various complicated difficult for over 30 years of reform and opening-up, also known as "contemporary" Christian development condition, because of the lack of comprehensive, objective and in-depth investigation and study, so it is difficult to complete the real face to show to the world.

According to the Chinese people's university about the religions to adapt themselves to the socialist the conclusions of the study of China Christianity is the contemporary China, including Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, five major religious legal religious, with the most to adapt to the socialist modernization drive, the highest degree in modern religion. [43]

Research conclusion about the number of Chinese christians differ, the most authoritative data from August 11, 2010, the third session of the BBS and contemporary religion in China in 2010 "the blue book of religion" conference of the Chinese academy of social sciences published for the first time about the Christian survey data, this is also the national 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government Christian household survey data released for the first time, according to the survey: our country existing christians make up about 1.8% of the total population, the total number of an estimated 23.05 million people. Some scholars also estimates the existing number of christians is about 70 million people, foreign individual scholars claim that more than 100 million christians in China. [44]

 Introduce here today! Behind will be in China the practice of different religious system and the specific training methods do the introduction, of course, it's just that I can be collected, the church tradition in China for a long time have exclusive practice methods and characteristics

Buddhism

  A few days before the Chinese Taoism is introduced, today is to introduce China's Buddhism!
  Buddhism more than three thousand years ago by which the wei-guo luo (now Nepal) prince Gautama siddhartha, who set (see Buddha). Western countries generally believe that Buddhism originated in India, and India in fact is also trying to create "buddhist" image. This makes a lot of people to produce the Buddha born in India's illusion, this let the people of Nepal have always dissatisfied. [1]

Buddhism is one of the world's three major religions. Buddha, which means "sleep". Buddha, also known as Buddha, should be used for, is known, foot line, the good die, the world solution, sergeant, royal husband, the teacher, the Buddha. Buddhist attaches great importance to the human mind and moral progress and enlightenment. Is the purpose of buddhist believers practice according to siddhartha glimpse into practice method, find the truth of life and of the universe, eventually beyond life and death and bitter, broken by all the worry, to get relief.

New says Gautama Buddha's name (s. Gautama, p. Gotama), old said qu haze; Because he belongs to the sugar (S ā kya), people call him the Buddha.

  Set in the name of translation: "the Buddha (pagoda). Big cloud. Qin Yan knower. Clause is a method of China yue:" west ZhuYan Buddha, he felt, the knower, the fans know, on a fool. "[2] as he puts it:" I don't know "the opposite of pro, is to" know ". See, is the "big", "Buddha". [3]

According to archaeological practice and literature research for many years, China has the archaeologists believe that qin shi huang or banned after the unification of the whole country to build the buddhist temple, thus infer that Buddhism was introduced into China mainland is the earliest time should be in the era of emperor qin shi huang. [4]

 Dialectical thinking to edit

Marx and Engels to religion (mainly Catholicism, Christianity, Islam, etc.) of paper, but the little buddhist devoted to, found only in two places. Is a Engels in the book "dialectics of nature", said: "the dialectical thinking, because it is the nature of the concept of research as the prerequisite, only for people is possible, and only relatively advanced stage of development for the people (buddhist and greeks) is possible." Here, Engels clearly affirmed the buddhist is "relatively advanced stage of development," has the dialectical thinking, another is Marx's concern and assess a buddhist books. In London on May 10, 1861, Marx wrote in Manchester at the time when Engels said: "in Berlin also visited friedrich coben, found that he was in Berlin also visited friedrich coben found that he didn't change, just put on weight, and a little 'ugly', I with he together separate drank wine twice, it's a pleasure to me. He gave me two rolls of his" the Buddha "- a very important work."

Coben is the history of Germany's political essayist, historian and expert, the author of "introduction to north six myth", "friedrich emperor and his opponents," etc. Marx called "the very important book", "Buddha", the full name of the Buddha religion, the first volume of account of the Buddha's life and expounds the outline of the southern Buddhism; The second volume of Tibetan tantra. Germany is the first insight into the buddhist doctrine in the west and obvious praise a country of Buddhism. Coben Buddha religion is German monographs published the first Buddhism. 1848 (e ") on September 1, Engels coben, lovingly wrote in a letter to "Marx may have said to you we are in the deportation of sleepless nights, often think of you, I would say you are the only one who missed in Berlin." [5]

  Buddhist view editor

Negative fatalism

Buddhist negative fatalism that people have fate, but not to encourage people in god's hands, but want to start a fate. Buddhism advocates the method of karma, so the destiny and karma body. Bad fate can borrow the plant good change for good causes and conditions. Now that fate can line because of compassion, Mr Ford, fiber regret and try to change, so the fate is not necessarily so cannot be changed. Again the bad fate can also through a variety of practice and are modified. For reference of maintenance, on the contrary, the good fortune the loss will fall, the so-called "in time of peace prepare for war", not intellectual cautious! [6]

The theory of origin

"My", said: "the body, the karma I said that is empty, also is a false name, is also the moral". Say again: "I've never been to a method, not born, karma is so, everything, all is empty." That all things are born good retribution, since this is the reason, is no self, is empty. Buddhist thought, it does not have the time, things will disappear, such a phenomenon is "empty". So, what is the karma? Is the main condition, causes is auxiliary, the conditions of the conditions of the main and auxiliary conditions don't have time, there is no things exist. Therefore, any things all need to have the existence of main and auxiliary. When the karma has things existed; Karma does not have the time, things will disappear.

The basis of theory of origin is prajna thoughts. Prajna attaches great importance to the "origin". "The Buddha said build towers merit" in a ket: "the method of karma, I say it's karma; karma do so, I say". Today, we stand in any position, these four words are on the whole, the world is not created by god, is really composed of all kinds of conditions, conditions of polymerization, this is the fundamental reason of Buddhism, is also the most core prajna thoughts. "Origin" is a key of understanding the prajnaparamita thought. [7]

Opposed to suicide

Buddhism think person is rare. In the cycle of the limit of all living entities, obtain personal opportunities such as "blind turtle value wood", is extremely rare. For the study of Buddhism, without eight flawless and ten perfection, is the best learning dharma good causes and conditions. Whatever we repay parents gratefulness, the pursuit of happy life in the world, or study Buddhism, the pursuit of the liberation interest in the world, relies on this extremely rare precious person.

Transfer printing, pointed out that Buddhism opposes to kill, also opposed to suicide, advocacy of nursing students. For suicidal behavior, the Buddha has clearly become over-irritated once and prohibited: "thou shalt ignorance, made illegal! Hear what I say kind who read all beings, cloud now why don't you have it?" And discipline: "if commit suicide to steal expiation." Therefore, the so-called "fire is not contrary to buddhist doctrine" theory is totally unfounded. [8]

Against the end of the deception

Doomsday rumours basis without any buddhist classics, Buddhism is to give people confidence, give people hope, give a person the religion, and buddhists should not easily believe that the spread and the end of the world. Buddhism claimed that each day is a good day. [9]

  Not all editors

The Buddha body i.e. dharmakaya,

Great nirvana books like 20, eight lines of former no.6 middle school of scripture: "see Buddha. Not all beings also." Big like nirvana books, such as come in the fourth one of 4 Buddha said: "I have lived for a long time is great nirvana of avatar in change. In the three thousand world billions billions of riyue yan floating about in. As the first explanation of the said. I in the boundless universe three thousand or yan float tip is nirvana. Also not after all take in nirvana. Or yan float tip into mother's womb, make its parents gave birth to my son. And I'm the body, after all, not from lust and also. I'm already a long time from the limit of in lust. I now the body is dharmakaya. Being in the world into the tyres. A good man. This yan float thanks to his garden. In the mother. Maya birth has to travel seven steps sing said: I'm from the asura on, the most the most respect. Parents have to surprise people see mothballed heart. And all the people" is a baby. And I this is the boundless survive for a long time away from the body. Buddha body is dharmakaya. The flesh blood channels of the bone marrow is established.

Baby take seven steps

Being worldly beings method shown for babies. In south seven steps: desire is boundless beings for Mr Fukuda. West in seven steps: raw all broken die of old age, is the last. North seven steps in: has the life and death. Tum seven steps: as a guide for others. The four-dimensional seven steps in: break out the troubles, four kinds of sex. Should in the Buddha is known. Upward in seven steps: not for net content of contamination, as vanity. Method of downward in seven steps: rain destroyed hellfire. He beings put param-bhava by the music. Shown as frost hail destroyed to abstain from.

Becoming a monk drop magic

I in yan float tips reveal home with the ring, the diligence monastery. Must be tuo huan fruit, stowe containing fruit, the fruit, fructus momordicae. Everyone said this is the easy easy. But I have to come, the limit of siraitia grosvenorii. Is to take off all the living beings, sitting on the dojo under the bodhi tree, with grass, to destroy all the magic. The all call I: began in dojo under the bodhi tree, ghost officer. But I have long yield has boundless. To yield strong so now is all living for.

Follow the law

I was in convenient size, productive income. "Justice" and has a convenient size and productive income. But I am a body, the results about what is the size of convenience, in and out of breath, etc. Being in the world is shown. I'm in the believed. But I was not hungry. Causes and the method is shown. I again with all beings so that existing sleep. But I have in the limit of. The most supreme deep wisdom from three. In dignity. Headaches, abdominal pain, backache, wooden gun, wash foot, wash your hands, wash a face, mouthwash, chewing bakyjib na, etc. The call I have so things. But I have no matter the body. My feet are like pure lotus. Clean, such as optimal bowls Luo Xiang. All beings "I am a man, I real nonhuman. I'm in the dung and clothes, HuanZhuo seam. But I have not is clothing. Everyone said: is the child of my rahula. Lose head tan is the father of my king. Mrs. Maya is my mother. In the world by the happiness. From such things out of the family. The answer: is unsatisfying qu haze most popular. Away from the music, was born. But I for a long time away from the worldly lust. If such thing is in. All beings salty "is a person, but I would be. [10]

  History factions editor

Ancient Indian Buddhism in the 10th century BC. Founder of siddhartha Gautama. The age of 20 into the home, has been regarded "Buddha", meaning enlightened, hereinafter referred to as "Buddha", preach religion known as the "buddhist".

After the Buddha nirvana in hundreds of years, Buddhism spread throughout the Indian subcontinent. Inside of the primitive Buddhism are due to different understanding of the doctrine, split, into the department sent buddhist period, mainly divided into sthavira and public department, southern Buddhism mainly theravada the pie, prevails in Sri Lanka, and spread throughout southeast Asia, which is passed to China's yunnan province.

Exact s Buddhism in China is uncertain, said a lot, the most widely is the eastern han dynasty yongping ten years (67), han Ming emperor sent messengers to the western regions GuangQiu figure of Buddha and classic, caleb and meet please Ye Ma teng, zhu flange, such as monk to luoyang, set up the first official temple in luoyang, the white horse temple, as the birthplace of China's temple; And completed the temple in our country the earliest translation of buddhist scripture "medallion 42". [18] are mainly Chinese, Tibetan and southern Buddhism into three factions.

Starting from the northern and southern dynasties Buddhism into China flourish development stage. Northern and southern dynasties when Buddhism was spread all over the country, becoming a monk, buddhists increased quickly in the home, northern wei luoyang kuan ti "recorded in the temple in luoyang city peak reached 1367, [19] and changan monks and nuns in the north, the south of the company (now nanjing) also has a buddhist temple hundreds.

Sui and tang dynasties period is the heyday of Chinese Buddhism. The sui dynasty royal believed in Buddhism, the tang dynasty emperor worship channel to teach, but to buddhist and other religions tolerance, protection policy. The development of Chinese Buddhism gradually mature.

Late feudal society, the decline of han Buddhism, discipline is lax, jungle broken, monks of ignorance and superstition. Since modern times, in wen-hui Yang wait a group of buddhist insight, Buddhism got a certain development in each aspect. During the Anti-Japanese War of patriotic monks as famous buddhist activists master taixu actively support the Anti-Japanese War, for the moral and material support in the whole world widely publicized, the Buddhism also in organized monks in battlefield ambulance service, independent made due contribution for freedom for the motherland.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chinese Buddhism first together with people all over the country attended the land reform movement, abolished the feudal lords system of ownership and other forms of exploitation, Buddhism enterprise development increasingly. Was established in November 1952, the preparatory office of the buddhist association of China, 1953 (j) in the third year of the buddhist association of China was established in Beijing, YuanYing mage was elected President, since China adopted reform and opening up, restoration and carry out the policy on freedom of religious belief, make Chinese buddhist get new development. Tibetan Buddhism mainly in Tibet, yunnan, sichuan, qinghai, xinjiang, gansu, Inner Mongolia and other provinces, autonomous regions, Tibetan, Mongolian, yugur, one of menpa minority and one, minority common public beliefs.

China's southern Buddhism the theravada Buddhism are mainly distributed in xishuangbanna dai autonomous prefecture of yunnan province. Dehong dai and jingpo autonomous prefecture. Simao region, lincang, baoshan district, dai, most of the blang nationality, achang, wa people believe in southern Buddhism. [20]

  Chinese eight editor

zen

Cradle - henan dengfeng shaolin temple [23]

The shaolin temple, a reputation of "world famous"; Is of zen Buddhism in China, is located in the songshan mountain less room of henan dengfeng county five under the nipple. Because of the temple is located in the little room pulled thick forest. So its name. Northern wei tai twenty years (AD 496), xiaoyi emperor built for the Buddha zen master, he is less room for the Buddha temple mountains. Satya dharma came here, in the temple of setting wall view, establish zen, all previous dynasties rebuilt frequently. Zen lineage in dharma for early progenitor, northwest have ZuAn at the beginning of the shaolin temple, built in the song dynasty, the pillars of broadcasting song information seven years (1125 years), inscriptions, southwest temple original 2 ZuAn, there are two zhengzhou statue.

Save the temple, a ding hebei chengan, zen can claim two zhengzhou, dharma once for two fathers in this statement.

The valley temple, also known as dry yuan temple, three ancestral temple. In two three miles north-west of buried hill in anhui three soyama, zen master monk ladies to third in the lecture, the temple has a monk master ladies tower.

Really sleep temple, also known as the east yamadera, located in the northeast of hubei huangmei ErChan Feng Mao hill. Zen quaternary road, five ZuHong endure in this letter.

Nanhua temple, is located at guangdong shaoguan six miles south, formerly known as Po lam temple. In the zen six ancestors huineng accident). Temple tower, there were six ancestors flesh for the six ancestors inside.

"Zen" is Sanskrit dhyana "transliteration, free translation as a practice method, zen to zen buddhist meditation practice," contemplation ". Zen is Buddhism originally common pursues a so named. Zen is biggest influence in Chinese Buddhism, the most widely spread and development of the most mature of a sect.

Tiantai sect

Cradle - zhi xu claimed in zhejiang are green [23]

The three cases

Cradle - xi 'an being thatched cottage of qixia mountain temple, the outskirts of nanjing, jiangsu province were [24]

Method of

(CiEnZong) cradle - xi 'an temple, the wild goose pagoda and shaanxi xingjiao temple in changan

Huayan school

An inquiry into - xi 'an (xian first) enshrine in changan

ritsu

(block) of nanshan, shaanxi xi 'an JingYe temple [23]

tantric

(shingon) - xi 'an daxing good temple and shoryuji

jodo

Inquiry into sweet - xi 'an product (LianZong) temple, jiangxi lushan donglin temple [25 to 26], shanxi city northwest of rock xuan in the temple of the valleys

  Today is introduced here, the next introduction of Christianity

 

 

 

Speak of the cultivation system of China, let us take a look at China's church! Today first introduction of Taoism

Taoism overview

Taoism, is originated in the ancient native Fang Xian rooms of the spring and autumn period and the warring states period, China is a worship of many gods polytheism native religious form, the main aim is the pursuit of immortal, immortal, offers salvation. Occupies an important position in ancient Chinese traditional culture, positive development in the modern world. Although Taoism from the warring states period is the one of thought and their exponents, Taoism originally the moral philosopher deified. Until the late han dynasty cult, the profit (now sichuan) of tianshi dao Lao tze to too old gentleman on. To the northern and southern dynasties when the Taoist religion forms gradually perfected. Lao tze Li Er (too old gentleman) is tang room ancestors, the tang dynasty statue named Lao tze avenue emperor xuan yuan yuan JueShengZu too.

Taoism "dao" as the highest belief that im "tao" is the origin of all things. In the Chinese traditional culture, Taoism is a kind of Confucianism and Buddhism together with the dominant theory and seek the ways to apply the practice immortal.

Academics say Taoism, refers to the religious beliefs in ancient China, on the basis of inherited Fang Xian word, huang Lao dao, and most of the religious ideas, such as folk gods faith and practice methods, gradually formed with "dao" as the highest belief. Mainly serve too old gentleman on as the leader, and such as Lao zi of the daodejing to cultivate immortality realm classic the fix true mainly classic, the pursuit of a Chinese religious practice to become immortal, Taoist immortal or into god's main methods can be roughly classified into five kinds, take medicine, food, outside, such as: gas and guidance, inner alchemy, and borrowed by Taoism and spell fix itself for rituals to merit such as immortal, common fairy much later for inner alchemy and qualities as god and the doctrine of individuals. 

Taoism and the Chinese people, the advocacy, Taoist history and Chinese history are closely linked.

 Where lu xun once make roots in Taoism "in" China scientific judgment: "had roots in Taoism in China, but it will say nearly a wide line. To read history, there are a lot of problems can be solved... know this person, know Chinese half". [30] England Sinologist Joseph Needham also think: "the Chinese culture is like a tall tree, and the root of the tree in Taoism."

Academic thought

Guo moruo said: "the Taoist thought can say monopoly over two thousand years of Chinese academic circles, mohism shop had been annexed, Confucianism only a brand." [31] as passing on the main Taoist thought, has produced the wei-jin metaphysics in the Ming and qing dynasties, sui and tang dynasties, the metaphysics and the song Dan, the status of natural self-evident in the academic field. In philosophy, Taoism out of thin air, the tao gave birth to all things of the universe ontology and transformation of Yin and Yang, the dialectical thinking method, regular exercise is generally accepted in the ancient traditional world outlook and methodology. [32] therapy-remainig complementary is the incisive summary of the Chinese traditional culture. Song dynasty pundit, zhou dunyi, the IQ, cheng cheng and zhu xi's academic thoughts derived from Gao Daochen tuan, neo-confucianism cosmic scheme theory of Taoism and Confucianism takes zero combining constructed "justified" philosophy. The Ming dynasty, wang yangming's mind is the "conscience" and learn to compare to, Dan from the Taoist metaphysics theory and training method. [33] in two thousand to Buddha, two of the traditional religious constantly interact. During the eastern han dynasty Buddhism is viewed as the tribe of the children of huang Lao dao, northern and southern dynasties when the spread of Buddhism with the aid of the influence of lao-zhuang metaphysics, the aim of the zen method inspired by zhuangzi theory, tantric meditation method a lot to learn from the fairy magic.

The political and economic

Taoist thought "the word", "inside the saint outside the king", quietism is the general principle of governing and cultivate one's morality. Read Chinese history, you'll find a secret: the han dynasty of west han embraced, light Wu Zhongxing, reign of tang dynasty, kaiyuan prosperity, Song Chaoren prosperous time, HongWuZhi governance, rule of RenXuan the Ming dynasty, the qing dynasty was high, the height is used "in the situation, shows the author" policies. [35] the thought of Taoism "laissez-faire", and "invisible hand" of the western market economy. In fact, whenever rulers to huang Lao theory as the guiding ideology, relax, and taxes, drop arch and rule, will be "all" is ", production development, prosperous economy, appeared the new millennium. [36]

The feudal rulers often make use of Taoism to consolidate the rule service, pray for national security, many dissenting Confucian HanWu into the magic fairy, Tang Zong Song Zu exalt foster Taoism, the wind of the Ming dynasty popular tao; Folk Taoism, on the other hand, often become the weapon of peasant uprising and organization form, from the han, the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising Li Hong uprising of the northern and southern dynasties, the yuan at the end of the white lotus society uprising, the boxer rebellion in the late qing dynasty, various uprising in an endless stream, "for good" as distinct banner of peasant uprising. [37] Taoism have origin relations with the military, military strategy of military and uniting the practice of Taoism influence each other, the daodejing, the operator meridian is often seen as art, "shall the will to take advance", "to fight" and so on thought is military research and application, the special dun jia doctrine and practice to use in the military. [38]

Literature and art

The mystery of Taoism thought, the fairy realm, bizarre magic,

Wang xizhi book "yellow court classic"

Wang xizhi book "yellow court classic"

Easy spirit, your birth ethic penetrates into every aspect in the field of literature and art, the Taoist natural feeling, romanticism deeply influenced the traditional literary aesthetic, provide inexhaustible spiritual source. Since northern and southern dynasties, the unitary Yang miscellaneous him in "anecdotes about spirits and immortals" and "strange stories" mystery novels is closely related to Taoism, tang legend "pillow", "peaceful" broadly and so on element contains a large amount of Taoism. Tang dynasty by the Taoism rendering formed extensively mapped luxuriant style, a lot of features in the epigraph from Taoism, yuanqu immortals soaring theme songs very prominent; Ming and qing novels include four great classics involve Taoist theology, has formed "the wise image Taoist" tradition. In addition to the unique literary form of Taoism was derived, such as li bai's poems, the green words in the Ming dynasty, and "the soul hunter", "journey to the west" the god evil spirit novel. Contemporary pop fix true novel with Dan tao as the theme, the fantasy, tomb-raiding novels, XianXia novels is closely connected with Taoism. [37]"

Elephant invisible, great music and sound "profoundly affects the pursuit of freehand brushwork in traditional Chinese painting, Chinese art spirit likeness, natural style and verve. Wang xizhi, gu kaizhi, wu daoxuan, Zhao Meng ð « – ¯, huang gongwang, ZhuZhiShan, xu wei, Zhu Da, banqiao artists are taoists, their works influenced by Taoist ideas. Taoism music tune, singing will promote the development of music drama, opera, yue opera, henan opera has been innovating, huangmei opera fully absorb the nutrition. Nature and humanity thought, feng shui kanyu doctrine affecting the location, layout and construction of traditional Chinese architecture. [

 Science and technology

The spirit of Taoism is conquering nature, various pursue breakthrough the limit religious practice promotes the development of ancient science and technology, east Asia in the chemical, mineralogical, botany and pharmacology are originated from Taoism. Going into ancient Taoist art of mathematics and mathematics, but also in optics, magnetism, acoustics, astronomy has done; Description of the four, powder is derived from Taoist refining Dan, the compass and the invention of printing also close contact and Taoism; Taoism in an alchemy practice to promote the development of smelting technology, monks in order to achieve "ride on the great winds push the progress of the mechanical manufacturing; Taoism for wine, cement, paint manufacturing has made a contribution, tofu is a product of huainan king an alchemy; Monks, an accumulated the rich knowledge of chemistry, and alchemy to Europe as the pioneer of modern chemistry. [40] be sendoh, Taoism for prolong life, a long view and greatly promoted the development of medicine, health, ge hong, tao hongjing..., sun simiao, Liu Shouzhen, researched, Liu Yiming, and many other high way is therapists. Taoism not cure disease, isomorphism between heaven and man, nature and inaction thought as the guiding ideology of the Chinese medicine, outer alchemy created the beginning of chemical pharmaceutical, Taoism in physiology, meridian, anatomy, pharmacology and sexual medicine, psychology, etc, all have done. Swallowing, qi, inedia, guidance and pranayama within each situation and Dan study as the main content of preserve one's health, all kinds of physical fitness of the martial arts are derived from the Taoism regimen qigong, tai chi, xingyi, bagua from within the family of zhang sanfeng boxing. [41]

International influence

Taoism in the east

Quanzhen daoism college people overseas

Quanzhen daoism college people overseas

Asia, southeast Asia, widespread Shintoism, the emperor belief, folk beliefs influenced by Taoism, Taoism, Vietnam cao dai is in South Korea day formed on the basis of new religion, Taoism quanzhen Taoism is an important religious of Singapore, Malaysia. In Europe and the United States, western language translation of the daodejing total nearly 500 species, the amount of classics hair line [32] translated into foreign languages, the bible first, the daodejing second, philosophers, such as Kant, Nietzsche, Hegel Leibnitz, Albert Einstein, such as scientists, kafka, Tolstoy, Ronald Reagan and Mr Medvedev politicians gain great enlightenment. Dan preserve one's health, such as astrology medical bligh Taoism culture also is popular all over the world, tai chi chuan has spread to more than 150 countries and regions, overseas practice taijiquan is 150 million people. Harmony and the idea of natural rule, also gives environmentalists great enlightenment and thinking. The mainstream of quanzhen Taoism for the world. [40]